https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/issue/feed 2025-05-26T23:39:14+00:00 Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru journal.rais.education@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;">The RAIS Journal for Social Sciences is an international journal publishing a wide range of high-quality papers in the field of Social sciences and Humanities: Sociology, Social Welfare, Religious Studies, Communication Sciences, Political, Laws, Cultural Aspects of Development, Tourism Management, Public Administration, Psychology, Philosophy, Political Science, History, Education, Human Rights, Women Studies, Business and Marketing, Economics, Financial Development, Accounting, Banking, Management, Human Resources and so on. The RAIS Journal for Social Sciences is an open access journal published by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies (RAIS), USA. The Journal is registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA): <a href="https://portal.issn.org/api/search?search[]=MUST=notcanc,notinc,notissn,notissnl=%222574-0245%22&amp;search_id=1239887"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>ISSN 2574-0245</strong></span></a> (Print) <strong><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2574-1179">ISSN 2574-1179</a></strong> (Online) and is published two issues per year (May and November) in both print and online versions.</p> https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/252 2025-05-15T21:11:23+00:00 Hilda EKE hee89854@marymount.edu

Nonprofit organizations play a critical role in addressing societal challenges, yet they face a persistent leadership crisis due to executive attrition. Over 50% of nonprofit executives in 2023 reported burnout severe enough to consider leaving their roles, posing significant risks to organizational stability and mission fulfillment. While previous research has extensively examined organizational and structural contributors to executive turnover, the personal factors influencing early departures remain underexplored. This research aims to illuminate the complexities surrounding executive attrition, including financial constraints, emotional labor, and staffing challenges unique to the nonprofit sector. The findings will provide a deeper understanding of how individual experiences shape executive departures, highlighting the impact of leadership vacuums on institutional knowledge retention, stakeholder relationships, and program continuity. Given that 70% of organizational initiatives fail during transition, addressing this issue is imperative for long-term sustainability. This research contributes to the existing literature by bridging a critical knowledge gap and offering insights into tailored retention strategies that account for the specific needs and challenges of nonprofit executives. The study’s implications extend to nonprofit governance, talent management, and leadership development, ensuring that executive transitions do not compromise the sector’s ability to meet pressing community needs.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/253 2025-05-15T21:18:14+00:00 Hieu PHAN phanj@morningside.edu Cameron SPELLMAN cts002@morningside.edu

This statistical case study described factors contributing to officers' controversies in using deadly force. The use of force is justified to preserve human life. Officers may use deadly force only that is objectively reasonable to effectively gain control of an incident while protecting the safety of the officer and others. This case study examines police officers' use of deadly force in California. It provides findings from an analysis and systematic review of the police use of deadly force statistics between 2018-2023. The study aims to investigate the number of incidents in California and compile police-civilian deadly force encounters. The data were collected from the California Attorney General's Office, the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, and the California Police Scorecard. The investigators attempt to identify the impact factors, how departments and officers can minimize the liability placed on them, and the risk to the officer's safety during a violent encounter. The study recommends that states not limit access to their existing deadly force databases and their implications for use-of-force research. Transparency would provide a better understanding of the number of times officers discharge their firearms and minimize the impact of other limitations that characterize current deadly force databases.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/254 2025-05-15T21:22:26+00:00 Daniel Orogun arcorogun2@gmail.com

This paper investigated the level of academic activities, stressing and impacting mental wellbeing and service delivery performance of university academics. While it acknowledged that stress among academics is a global challenge, it researched a case study of two universities in Pretoria, South Africa. The quantitative study gathered data from 79 participants and confirmed mental stress in the academic environment. The results revealed six specific stressors, their impacts, effects and rankings. Analysis with Excel showed a stress ranking from 1st to 6th. Likewise, the Python linear regression analysis revealed that for every increase in the portfolio of academics, the stress level and ranking increased by 10.65%. Further, having the regression interception line at 73.3%, revealed that among the stressors (teaching, thesis supervision, technostress, administrative functions, research and remuneration), even if other stressors are addressed using the stress management theories and strategies suggested in this paper, remuneration will still constitute a major threat to the mental wellbeing and service delivery performance of academics, except there is a radical and strategic upward review of remuneration. Overall, this article reminded the academic community of the occupational risks and challenges affecting their wellbeing and service delivery while providing recommendations to manage the situation.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/255 2025-05-15T21:28:32+00:00 Patricia HALEY patriciaaemail@gmail.com Darrell Norman BURRELL dburrell@marymount.edu

The transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) has catalyzed groundbreaking advancements across scientific domains, yet this same capacity harbors profound risks within global biosecurity and bio-cybersecurity contexts. This perspective paper critically examines AI’s dual-use nature, exploring how malicious actors and criminals can exploit AI-driven innovations to orchestrate systemic vulnerabilities. AI’s role extends beyond traditional cyber threats, enabling the automation of complex malware, engineering of genetically modified pathogens, and orchestration of sophisticated misinformation campaigns that destabilize public trust. Technologies like AlphaFold and AI-enhanced CRISPR, while revolutionary in personalized medicine and genomic discovery, can be weaponized to develop antibiotic-resistant biological threats and evade conventional detection systems. Moreover, AI’s capacity for infiltrating genomic databases, executing bio-cyberattacks, and facilitating psychological manipulation through deepfakes underscores its multifaceted threat landscape. The convergence of AI with synthetic biology, cybersecurity, and psychological warfare necessitates robust ethical frameworks, stringent regulatory oversight, and interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper bridges critical gaps in academic discourse by illuminating AI’s potential as both an enabler of scientific progress and a vector for emerging criminal and national security risks, advocating for proactive policies to mitigate the dual-use dilemmas inherent in rapidly evolving technologies.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/256 2025-05-15T21:32:13+00:00 Alieu Stephen KAFOE stephenkafoe@yahoo.com

This research underscores the importance of a balanced approach addressing technological and human dimensions in fostering resilience in healthcare supply chains. The study examines technological solutions for enhancing healthcare supply chain resilience in response to unprecedented disruptions from natural and artificial disasters. Healthcare supply chains face persistent inefficiencies, including stakeholder misalignment, centralization deficiencies, inventory management challenges, security vulnerabilities, and transparency issues that compromise emergency response capabilities. Through a systematic literature review, the study evaluates the integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as transformative approaches to healthcare supply chain optimization. The analysis reveals significant implementation barriers, including technical complexity, regulatory uncertainty, financial constraints, workforce adaptation challenges, and ethical considerations. The research proposes a comprehensive transformation strategy incorporating technological integration with organizational change management frameworks. The findings demonstrate that building resilient healthcare supply chains requires a balanced approach that combines emerging technologies with strategic workforce development, change management processes, ethical considerations, and targeted risk mitigation strategies. Healthcare organizations can enhance resilience in an increasingly complex and disruption-prone global landscape by addressing both technological and human dimensions of supply chain transformation.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/257 2025-05-15T21:35:00+00:00 Ioan SZASZ iancsz@gmail.com

This study explores the transition from modernity to postmodernity, emphasizing the profound transformations in thought, culture, and social structures. Modernity, defined by rationality, progress, and the pursuit of objective truth, has progressively given way to postmodernity, which foregrounds relativism, fragmentation, and subjectivism. The analysis examines the implications of these shifts across key domains, including epistemology, art, religion, and politics, highlighting the crisis of metanarratives and the emergence of interpretative pluralism. Additionally, the paper traces the evolution of postmodernism, from its Marxist intellectual foundations to the contemporary era of digital information, assessing its broader ramifications for communication and economic structures. Ultimately, the study argues for the necessity of balancing postmodern critique with a concurrent need for stability, thereby facilitating a nuanced engagement with the complexities of contemporary reality.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/259 2025-05-22T20:24:22+00:00 Lord DORDUNOO l0d88468@marymount.edu

This study explores the digital transformation of a large healthcare organization specializing in addiction treatment and sports medicine through the integration of customer relationship management (CRM) technologies, patient feedback systems, and data analytics. The transformation aims to enhance patient-centered care, streamline workflows, upskill staff, and improve organizational competitiveness. Guided by the FEMA Analytical Problem-Solving Model and Lean Six Sigma DMAIC framework, the paper presents a strategic roadmap for implementation, addressing challenges such as data fragmentation, workforce resistance, and cultural adaptation. Using an exploratory case study methodology, the research synthesizes insights from 25+ peer-reviewed sources to develop practical recommendations for technology adoption, change management, marketing alignment, and patient engagement. The findings demonstrate that successful healthcare innovation depends on aligning digital tools with clinical goals, workforce development, and human-centered leadership. This study contributes to a growing body of literature that views CRM and analytics not only as technological solutions but as strategic levers for organizational change, patient empowerment, and sustainable value creation in digital health systems.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/260 2025-05-22T20:28:10+00:00 Narcisa ISPAS narcipostbox@yahoo.com

This study examined Christian Narrative Therapy as a psychological and theological framework for identity reconstruction and spiritual transformation. It analyzed how individuals shape their identities through personal stories and how narrative techniques—externalization, reauthoring, and meaning reconstruction—help reinterpret past experiences and reduce existential anxiety. The research explored the role of biblical narratives in Christian counseling, emphasizing how pastoral care facilitates narrative transformation. Additionally, it investigated the therapeutic role of storytelling in managing death anxiety, demonstrating how eschatological hope reframes suffering. By integrating psychological and theological perspectives, the study concluded that Christian Narrative Therapy strengthens spiritual resilience and supports faith-based counseling.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/261 2025-05-22T20:30:37+00:00 Viorel-Dariu CĂTANĂ catanadariu@gmail.com

Work is one of the most common activities in human life. Regardless of nationality, age, or social status, it is present in human life in order to earn the income necessary for daily living. The industrial revolution, technological development, and, more recently, the use of artificial intelligence have transformed the way we work without eliminating work from our lives. The person who works relates to work in a certain way and develops a specific attitude depending on the conditions and benefits of work. The Christian faith provides insight into the nature of work. Faith cannot be separated from work because work itself has its origin in God and retains a spiritual dimension. In addressing today's challenges related to work, the Christian faith proposes a reordering of values around the common good. Both the employer and the employee are thus able to benefit from work, each achieving his or her desired goal. Through their work, Christians can be role models of seriousness, professionalism, productivity, and innovation. These qualities need to be reflected in the lives of believers in order to develop the right work culture.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/262 2025-05-22T20:32:36+00:00 Mehedi HASAN mehedihasanjony110@gmail.com Md Abdul BARI nilim.eng.ku@gmail.com

Vulnerable farmers lack the financial resources to invest in crop production, and financial inclusion can be a financial mechanism useful for increasing their financial resources. However, the empirical evidence of the impact of financial inclusion on agriculture is inconclusive. Thus, this study explores the effects of financial inclusion on savings and agricultural investment for Malawian farmers. The study defines financial inclusion as having access to any type of bank account. As access to a bank account is self-selected, the instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied as the identification strategy to address self-selection bias. This study uses the dataset prepared by Brune et al. (2018), who provided random assistance to open bank accounts. The present study considers financial inclusion (access to a bank account) as the treatment variable and the assistance to open a bank account as the IV to estimate the local average treatment effect. The findings indicate that financial inclusion increases the total savings and agricultural investment of the farmers. This study provides policy implications for the promotion of financial inclusion as a policy tool for providing farmers with more financial resources to invest in crop farming.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/263 2025-05-23T09:59:19+00:00 Yuying SHEN yshen@nsu.edu Yan LU yan.lu@cnu.edu Carlene TURNER cmturner@nsu.edu Claude TURNER cturner@nsu.edu

Cyberbullying has emerged as a pervasive issue affecting children and adolescents globally. This research article aims to empirically explore the prevalence of cyberbullying among adolescents in the U.S., elucidating its various forms and manifestations, and adolescents’ perception of cyberbullying victimization. It also examines the adolescents’ views of the cyberbullying risks and the potential protective factors. This study is based on quantitative data collected through survey interviews with 380 adolescent children aged 12-17 years living in the Hampton Roads area in Virginia, U.S. Three machine learning models, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model, a decision-tree model, and a K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model, are processed to examine the patterns in their cyberbullying experiences. The deciding factors that impact adolescent children’s perception of cyberbullying victimization are also analyzed. This study contributes to shedding light on understanding cyberbullying experiences among adolescents by highlighting the adolescents’ perception of cyberbullying victimization and what they think would be effective measures to help avoid cyberbullying.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/264 2025-05-23T10:05:02+00:00 Ioan SZASZ iancsz@gmail.com

This paper offers a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the addiction crisis among Generation Z, the first generation raised in an entirely digital environment. Characterized by unprecedented exposure to smartphones, social media, and online platforms, Gen Z faces heightened vulnerability to both behavioral and chemical addictions. Drawing on psychological, sociological, biological, and theological perspectives, the study explores the multifaceted causes and consequences of addictions, including pornography, social media dependence, gaming, gambling, and substance use. These behaviors are often expressions of deeper crises in identity, emotional regulation, and spiritual orientation, shaped by hyperconnectivity, social fragmentation, and cultural relativism. The research reveals how digital environments restructure reward mechanisms and promote compulsive behaviors, while also contributing to emotional isolation and diminished resilience. Through critical engagement with empirical data and theological reflection, the study argues that addiction in Gen Z must be viewed as a symptom of existential dislocation and the erosion of relational and moral frameworks.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/265 2025-05-23T10:07:10+00:00 Steven M. O’QUINN soquinn@captechu.edu

Police officers in the United States enjoy the same First Amendment rights as the general public, although courts have ruled repeatedly that those rights may be limited when they conflict with public trust. Police leaders seek to portray their officers positively, encourage professional appearances, and enact policies that seek to prevent extremist affiliations. This study used a qualitative document analysis approach to examine police departments’ publicly available policies, analyze the precision of policy language, identify exclusionary criteria that prohibit certain body art on officers, and determine whether policies are objective and enforceable or left to administrative discretion. The research investigates the changing culture around tattoos and whether police departments can suffer a decline in applicants if they refuse to update tattoo policies in the future, as well as the constitutional overreach departments might face if the policies are too strict and prohibit the rights of the individual officer. The study concludes with recommendations on how police departments can develop and implement fair policies as tattoos become more mainstream and no longer seen as taboo.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/266 2025-05-23T10:09:20+00:00 Enocent NTEMEN enocentntemen@yahoo.com Catherine Nicole BILOA FOUDA enocentntemen@yahoo.com Thierry Landel KUATE KAPTUE enocentntemen@yahoo.com Lionel Darvin NSOMO enocentntemen@yahoo.com Joris Hilaire KANE enocentntemen@yahoo.com

Artificial intelligence (AI) has created panic within organizations in various aspects of human resource management (HRM) practices and intrapreneurship. With the current and future dominance of AI in organizations, this paper aims to study the effects of artificial intelligence on human resource management practices and intrapreneurship. A qualitative approach with inductive reasoning was employed, targeting regional HR managers of multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Cameroon in different domains of activity. Three regional human resource managers participated in the interviews. The results were obtained through manual thematic analyses, as it showed great effects of AI on time economy in executing administrative tasks and workers’ innovation by 75%, usage of human resource management software and workers’ proactiveness (88.89%), and enhanced employee engagement and willingness to take calculated risks (93.34%). Besides these main factors, subsidiary factors came up too, influenced by AI, which are task-automation (94.45%) and procedure-digitalization (50%). This study is limited only to MNCs operating outside crisis zones in the country. Therefore, corporations should avoid making their workers overly dependent on AI, taking into consideration situations of AI breakdown, as many tasks necessitate human intelligence to maintain intellectual autonomy. Otherwise, we risk creating automated workers without “common sense.”

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/267 2025-05-23T10:16:02+00:00 Vitalie JITARIUC vjitariuc@gmail.com

The history of the fight against crime shows that solving committed crimes has been, and remains, one of the most difficult tasks. Remaining unsolved, crimes create conditions for increasing public danger, i.e., for committing new, sometimes more dangerous acts. One of the ways to prevent crimes is through full disclosure. To solve a crime in the shortest possible time means that a minimum of time should pass from the moment when any signs of a crime were discovered or a crime was reported to the moment of detention of a person who is suspected of committing a crime and may be accused of committing a crime. Fresh trace crime detection is important for preventing crimes that the perpetrators of the crime in question may commit in the future.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/268 2025-05-23T10:18:50+00:00 Iosif ANCA iosifesteraanca@gmail.com

This article explores how C. H. Spurgeon—one of England's most influential Victorian preachers—approached creation both as the Temple of God and as a means of communicating biblical truths. Spurgeon loved nature, however manifested, and for him, the natural world proclaimed the majesty and glory of God. He considered that to despise the creative work of God was, in a sense, to despise God himself. Not only was he captivated by creation, but he also transformed it into vivid parables and interpreted it as a channel for divine messages. The study highlights two key aspects of Spurgeon’s engagement with nature. The first part examines how C. H. Spurgeon relates to nature, indicating its role in glorifying the majesty of God while also considering creation as the Temple of God. The second part explores how the images offered by nature become models for the transmission of his teachings.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/269 2025-05-23T10:20:56+00:00 Adrian PICU adrian.picu@s.unibuc.ro

Theology represented both the text and the context of God's presence in human history, evangelization and mission being the two forms of manifestation of divine love, described in the already-not-yet paradigm, manifested towards the stranger near, who has alienated himself from Him, but also the stranger far away, who has not heard about Him. The contextualization was reflected in understanding the particular values of different cultures and being open to a dialogue that would allow culture to shape and challenge the understanding of what mission and evangelization mean. The home and the church are the places where the two begin, with Christian ministry expressing itself through the power of example, though not to the detriment of the family, which holds precedence over any social or religious commitment. Through a thorough analysis of the factors that determine the evangelistic process, this paper argues that, in addition to missionary zeal, there is also a need for a thorough theological, anthropological and psychological preparation of the ministers.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/270 2025-05-23T10:24:16+00:00 Tulishree PRADHAN tulishreepradhan@kls.ac.in Diya SARKAR tulishreepradhan@kls.ac.in Chinmayee NANDA tulishreepradhan@kls.ac.in

The research emphasizes integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology and technological solutions, notably the Anukampa web portal and mobile app, to address human-animal conflict, with a focus on mitigating human-elephant conflicts. Through an approachable digital platform, the Anukampa Application, launched in Odisha, India, simplifies the process of giving compassionate compensation (ex gratia) to people impacted by wildlife depredation. This action not only speeds up the compensation process but also improves accountability and transparency, giving impacted residents more trust and promoting goodwill between local communities and wildlife officials. The research also addresses how AI technology can improve on current approaches to managing conflicts between humans and elephants. AI algorithms can boost detection of intrusions and alerting systems like eleAlert, improve early warning systems for crop raiding occurrences using AI-driven communication platforms, and greatly increase the accuracy of species classification in footfall detection approaches. These technologies can help with more effective, precise, and rapid responses to human-animal conflicts by using AI to computerize data processing, boost monitoring mechanisms, as well as enhance communication systems. The research highlights how integrating AI and technology might be revolutionary in addressing socio-environmental issues, especially conflicts between humans and animals. The study emphasizes the move toward a more sustainable and successful method of handling disputes between people and wildlife through the Anukampa application and AI-driven solutions. In addition to helping impacted parties get compensation in a timely manner, this integrated strategy encourages a harmonious coexistence of humans and wildlife, which helps protect species. In the end, the research supports the ongoing investigation and application of cutting-edge technical solutions, such as artificial intelligence (AI), to lessen conflicts between people and animals and foster peaceful coexistence between human societies and the natural environment.

2025-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://journal.rais.education/index.php/raiss/article/view/271 2025-05-25T12:03:21+00:00 Tiphanie GIBBS tgibbs1@captechu.edu

Crimes facilitated by the Internet, such as romance scams, pose psychological and relational challenges for victims. This study identifies the opportunities these tech-facilitated deceptions afford for intimate partner betrayals. Despite the appearance of innocence, these digital devices serve as vacuums for intimate partner betrayal. Key findings indicate that men and women have used the Internet and smartphones to commit deceitful acts against their spouses. Deceived partners, upon discovery, react with feelings of rage, sadness, or even relief because they now understand the reasons behind their unexplainable intimate relationship dissatisfaction. To illustrate these vital research points, case studies have been developed around real-life instances of betrayal. This study highlights the critical role of cyberpsychology in understanding, preventing, and treating the lasting consequences of marriage-related cybercrimes.

2025-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025